The MPC left rates on hold this week. We will have to wait a few weeks to find out if the vote was unanimous. For the moment the consensus view is likely to have held. But for how long will this be the case? Forward Guidance is already becoming confused by statements from Martin Weale and Charlie Bean. By the Autumn, the Bank may adopt Dr Doolittle’s pushmi.pullyu animal as a mascot. So thin - the margin of spare capacity - for consensus. The timing of rates is likely to become more polarised amongst MPC members. Who will make the first move? The “Wad is on Weale” to be the first to break ranks. UK data suggest rates may rise sooner … The UK data continues to suggest rates may have to rise sooner than forward guidance implies. Car sales in of May were up by almost 8% in the month and by 12% in the year to date. According to Nationwide, house prices increased by 11% in the twelve months to May. The Halifax House Price data suggested house prices increased by almost 9% over the same period. According to Stephen Noakes, Halifax Mortgages Director : “Housing demand is very strong and continues to be supported by a strengthening economic recovery. Consumer confidence is being boosted by a rapidly improving labour market and low interest rates”. Christine Lagarde and the IMF squad were in the UK this week. The IMF has warned that house prices pose the greatest threat to the UK recovery. It called on the Bank of England to enact policy measures "early and gradually" to avoid a housing bubble. The Fund's annual health check, suggested the UK economy has "rebounded strongly” confirming growth would "remain strong this year at 2.9%”. The IMF also suggested growth is becoming “more balanced” but … Trade deficit deteriorates … There was no evidence of rebalancing in the trade figures for April. The trade deficit in goods increased to £2.5 billion in the month as the deficit (trade in goods) increased to almost £10 billion. OK, someone forget to include all the oil data in the month, which may have under stated exports by £700 million but this is a minor detail. We expect the deficit (trade in goods) to be between £112 billion and £115 billion offset by a £50 billion service sector surplus this year. No rebalancing on the trade agenda, as we have long explained. Markit/CIPS UK PMI® Survey Data The Markit/CIPS UK PMI® survey data was also released this week. “The UK manufacturing upsurge continued”. The Manufacturing PMI index was 57.0 in May, down slightly from 57.3 in April. The survey noted strong growth in output and new orders. There was also a sharp rise in construction output. House building remained the strongest performing area of activity. The headline index was signaling growth for the thirteenth successive month at 60.0, compared to 60.8 prior month. The headline service sector index continued in positive territory at 58.6 compared to 58.7 last month. Service sector employment growth increased at the fastest rate in 17 years. Interest rate outlook … The strong growth in consumer spending, retail sales, car sales and the housing market continues. The outlook for output remains strong in construction, manufacturing and the service sector. We expect investment activity to increase this year. The unemployment rate will continue to fall, placing greater pressure on wage settlements, leading to an increase in earnings into the second half of the year. The trade deficit will continue to deteriorate albeit at a rate which is offset by the strength of the service sector surplus. Sterling will probably hold at current levels for the rest of the year. Inflation, will remain around target, such is the weakness of international energy and commodity prices for the near future. With such a strong outlook for the domestic economy, rates should probably be on the rise by the Autumn of this year. However the MPC will be reluctant to move ahead of the Fed and the ECB. USA and Europe ... In the USA, Friday’s strong jobs report confirmed the economy is improving following the slight setback in the first quarter. Non farm payroll increased by over 200,000 as the unemployment rate held at 6.3%. For the year as a whole, the Fed may downgrade the growth forecast to around 2.7% from 3% currently. For the moment, forward guidance suggests US rates may begin to rise in the second quarter of 2015 but the outlook may be shortened, if the job trends continue. In Europe, the ECB is heading in another direction. The growth forecast within the Eurozone is just 1% this year but officials are concerned about the prospect of deflation. The latest HICP figure confirmed prices increased by just 0.5% compared to 0.7% prior month. The ECB decided to lower the interest rate on the main refinancing operations of the Eurosystem by 10 basis points to 0.15% and the rate on the marginal lending facility by 35 basis points to 0.40%. The rate on the deposit facility was lowered by 10 basis points to -0.10%. To support bank lending to households and business, excluding loans for house purchase, the ECB will be conducting a series of targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTROs) valued at €400 billion over a four year period. The scheme follows the success of the UK Funding for Lending Scheme. So what of forward guidance … Domestic considerations suggest UK rates should be on the rise towards the end of the year. For the moment, forward guidance in the UK and the USA suggests rates will be held until the second quarter of 2015. This may change, if the trends in job growth continue here and in the USA. In Europe, forward guidance is more concerned with the prospects of deflation and a “lost decade”. An increase in rates is not on the “horizon” nor even in the appendix. So what happened to sterling this week? The pound closed up against the dollar at $1.679 from $1.675 and unchanged against the Euro at 1.231 (1.230). The dollar closed broadly unchanged at 1.364 from 1.362 against the euro and at 102.53 (101.80) against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed down at $108.48 from $109.35. The average price in June last year was $102.92. It is summer after all. Markets, the Dow closed up at 16,899 from 16,682 and the FTSE moved up to 6,858 from 6,852. UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.64 (2.56) and US Treasury yields closed at 2.55 from 2.46. Gold held at $1,250 from $1,251. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice.
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It may have taken some time but households across Britain have finally come to terms the with strength of the recovery. According to GfK, the UK Consumer Confidence Barometer increased to levels last seen in the early part of 2005. Rejoice - we are having a recovery - would have been the Conservative mantra under Prime Minister Thatcher. Confidence in the economic situation of the country, increased to the highest level EVER, since records released in 2004. The propensity to spend is back to levels of 2006, even though the financial situation of households index is still below pre recession numbers. No surprise, perhaps, but with interest rates at such low levels, there is no real uptick in the intentions to save - for the moment at least. Interest Rates set to rise … Maybe households are waiting for the rates to rise. According to Markit®, nearly one in four households expect a rate rise within the next six months … almost half expect rates to rise within the next twelve months. Chris Williamson, Chief Economist at Markit® said, “the recent upbeat news-flow on the economy, strong economic growth in the first quarter, record employment growth and surging house prices, means an increasing number of people think it inevitable that policymakers will be forced into an earlier rate hike than previously envisaged.” Quite right! In fact almost ten per cent, think rates are set to rise within the next three months! So much for forward guidance from the Bank of England. Charlie Bean and Baby Steps … Charlie Bean, the outgoing (as in departing) deputy governor of the Bank of England has suggested “The argument for gradual rises suggests rates should start to go up sooner. The rise could start with “baby steps to avoid making mistakes”. “There’s a case for moving gradually because we won’t be quite certain about the impact of tightening the Bank rate, given everything that has happened to the economy.” The sentiment was also echoed by MPC member Martin Weale, this week. "We can wait a bit longer. How long that 'bit longer' will be I'm not sure.” Ah yes, the merits of forward guidance and a clear steer on monetary policy. Governor Carney will have to whip the MPC troops into line if we are to avoid complete confusion on the direction of rates. The Bank would still have us believe rates will rise in the second quarter of next year. UK rates should rise in the Autumn … In our Greater Manchester Chamber of Commerce Economic Quarterly Outlook, to be released next week, we begin to caution, UK rates should be on the rise in the Autumn, if the present trends in household spending, retail sales and the housing market continue. From an international perspective, the MPC will be reluctant to act ahead of the Fed and the ECB. In the first quarter, US GDP recorded growth of just 2% year on year, postponing, perhaps, the inevitable rate rise. In Europe, fears of deflation may force the ECB to act, to ease, rather than tighten, monetary conditions still further in the June meeting. Japan ends fears of deflation … In Japan, fears of deflation have been assuaged by Abenomics. The solution to fears of falling prices - increase the rate of sales tax and push up prices! Japanese inflation increased by over 3% in April, half of which is explained by the hike in taxes! Fears may later emerge about the slow down in growth, such is the Ground Hog day experience of the lost decade but for the moment, rejoice - the deflationary spiral has been broken in the East! Good News for growth in the UK … Good news for growth in the UK continued this week according to today’s Financial Times. Drugs and prostitution will add £10 billion to the UK economy. Yes, the news that prostitution and drugs will be included in the calculation of the National Accounts from September onwards, adding a new dimension to the “Service Sector” offer. The change will add almost £10 billion to the National Accounts. Hookers will contribute £5.3 billion to “output” (GDP(O)) and drug addicts will add £4.4 billion to the calculation of expenditure (GDP(E). According to ONS research, in 2009, 60,879 prostitutes serviced 25 clients per week at an average spend of £67.19. Don’t you just love economics! If only "tricks" paying 19p could be persuaded to spend more … that would be a recovery! So what happened to sterling this week? The pound closed down against the dollar at $1.675 from $1.682 and down against the Euro at 1.230 (1.234). The dollar closed broadly unchanged at 1.362 from 1.363 against the euro and at 101.80 (101.97) against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed down at $109.35 from $110.52. The average price in May last year was $102.30. Markets, the Dow closed up at 16,682 from 16,593 and the FTSE moved up to 6,852 from 6,815. The markets are set to move higher. UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.56 (2.63) and US Treasury yields closed at 2.46 from 2.52. Gold moved down to $1,251 from $1,293. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice. It was one of those heavy weeks for economics releases. Inflation, retail sales, government borrowing plus the eagerly awaited second estimate of GDP. Add in ONS house price information and a heady cocktail of excited headlines was to be expected from the financial pages. Inflation data as expected … It began quietly enough with the inflation data. No surprises, CPI inflation edged up to 1.8% in April from 1.6% in the prior month. The large rise in service sector inflation to 2.8% from 2.3% was offset by a small decline in goods inflation, falling to 0.9% from 1.0%. The uptick was marginally reflected in producer prices, increasing to 0.6% from 0.5%. The more volatile input costs, fell at a slower rate -5.5%, from -6.3% prior month. Energy and oil prices, were again significant in the reduced input costs. Imported metals, chemicals, parts and equipment fell significantly assisted by the 10% appreciation of sterling against the dollar. For the year as a whole, we think inflation will hover close to the target for the best part of the year. The risk remains to the upside in the final quarter. A rise in international prices, and domestic demand, boosted by compression in the labour market is likely to push prices higher. No risk of deflation on the UK horizon, a real risk to the upside is developing. House Prices .. UK house prices increased, according to the ONS data, by 8% in the twelve months to March. “The house market may derail the recovery", the headline. “Carney believes that house prices are the biggest risk to the economy” the great caution. No matter, that house prices increased by over 9% in the prior month or that house prices outside London are increasing by just 4% on average. In the North West prices increased by just over 3%, in Scotland prices hardly increased at all. In London, house prices increased by 17%. Foreign cash buyers at the top end of the market may be confusing the overall trend. However, significant volume and price escalation in the mid tier market is also impacting on price averages. Governor Carney has made it clear interest rates will not rise to combat rising house prices. The remit to action lies with the Financial Policy Committee. Already, action has already been taken to modify the Funding for Lending Scheme away from mortgage lending. Discussions between the Bank and Treasury will continue to consider modifications to the “Help to Buy Scheme”. Implementation of the Mortgage Market Review will also curb lending into 2014. There is a structural problem in the housing market. Mark Carney, Governor of Threadneedle Street, points out that Canada has half the population of the UK but builds twice as many houses. No wonder there is a supply issue. But is the Bank of England prepared to help out? Not really. The Little Old Lady will not turn a sod, grab a hod nor build a single house this year. “We are not in the business of building houses” the Governor’s mantra. The Bank of England will not build a single house in this cycle but neither will it allow the housing market to derail the recovery, provoking a premature move in base rates. Retail Sales … Retail sales figures, on the other hand, suggest rates may have to rise much sooner than expected. Retail sales volumes increased by 6.8% in April compared to prior year. It was May 2004 when retail sales volumes increased at a similar rate. Base rates were 4.75% at the time rising to over 5% within eighteen months. Retail sales values increased by just over 6%. Online sales increased by 13%, accounting for 11% of total action. Consumer confidence is back to the pre recession levels, car sales are up by 8% this year and retail sales are soaring. From a UK perspective, rates should be on the move by the Autumn of this year. The MPC will be reluctant to move ahead of the Fed and the ECB. The international context suggests the rate rise may be delayed until the second quarter of 2015. Thereafter, for those who would argue the forward horizon has 2.5% cap, the retail sales figures and base rate history should provide a warning of surprises to come. GDP Second Estimate … No surprises in the second estimate of GDP release for Q1. No revisions. The UK economy grew by 3.1% boosted by an 8% surge in investment activity. Manufacturing and Construction increased by over 3% and 5% respectively. The economy is rebalancing … well a little bit! Our May Quarterly Economics Update on behalf of GM Chamber of Commerce is released next week. The outlook for the year remains broadly unchanged. We expect the UK economy to grow by around 3% this year and 2.8% in the following year. The surge in retail activity has been a surprise, as is the continued strength in employment. The outlook remains much the same. Growth up, inflation rising slightly, employment increasing and borrowing, despite the blip in April, set to fall. Just the trade figures will continue to disappoint as we have long pointed out. So what happened to sterling? The pound closed broadly unchanged against the dollar at $1.682 from $1.683 and up against the Euro at 1.234 (1.227). The dollar closed at 1.363 from 1.370 against the euro and at 101.97 (101.54) against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed up at $110.52 from $109.91. The average price in May last year was $102.3. Markets, the Dow closed up at 16,593 from 16,447 but the FTSE adjusted to 6,815 from 6,855. The markets are set to move, the push before the summer rush perhaps. UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.63 (2.56 and US Treasury yields closed at 2.52 from 2.51. Gold was unchanged at $1,293 from $1,293. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice. The Bank of England Inflation Report - May - So when will rates rise? Q2 2015 still the best bet. The final whistle not for some time yet! The Bank of England Inflation Report was released this week. It was all so predictable. The Governor’s opening remarks explained, “The overall outlook for GDP growth and inflation in this report is little changed from February. The UK economy continues to perform strongly. Having increased by more than 3% in the past year, output is now close to regaining the pre-crisis level. 700,000 more people are in work than a year ago and inflation is below, but close to, the 2% target. And so it proved. The strong labour market performance continued into April. The claimant count rate fell by 25,000, to a rate of 3.3%. The wider LFS data (to March) also reflected the improvement with a fall in the overall rate to 6.8%. On current trends the job centres really will be closing in 2017! The MPC expectations are for growth to increase by 3.2% in the second quarter and by 3.4% for the year as a whole, with continued expansion in household spending. Spending will be supported by an increase in real wages as inflation remains close to target and earnings increase moderately, with a gradual improvement in productivity. The MPC obsession with spare capacity continues. “While there is a range of views on the Committee, the best collective judgement is the margin of spare capacity is around 1% to 1.5% of GDP.” Charlie Bean is not entirely convinced about the “fuzzy concept” of spare capacity. “There is a real danger of spurious precision and the pretence of knowledge in this area” said the Deputy Governor. Quite so. That and many others perhaps! Does spare capacity impact on inflation prospects? Not so much. International inflationary pressures are key to current price trends and for the moment remain subdued. “The global picture is consistent with muted external inflationary pressures which, coupled with sterling’s appreciation, will moderate CPI inflation in the near term” said the Governor. Inflation has fallen sharply since the Autumn and the outlook for inflation in the medium term remains benign. A benign inflation outlook which will avoid undue pressure, in the short term, to increase rates, despite the strong growth figures and the buoyant housing market. So what of rates? The strength of the recovery has moved the economy “closer to the point at which interest rates will have to rise”, the official statement. So when will rates rise? In February, the MPC were happy to attach some credence to the market view that rates would begin to rise in the second quarter of next year. If anything the view in May is slightly more “dovish” or certainly more obtuse. “Our guidance is giving businesses and households confidence that we won’t take risks with price stability, financial stability, or the incipient expansion. It will promote the recovery in business investment, productivity and real wages, that a sustained expansion demands.” Rates are still unlikely to move until the second quarter of next year, the implication. As we explained last week, the MPC will be reluctant to move ahead of the Fed and the ECB. Forward guidance then lapsed into sporting analogy as the governor explained : “Securing the recovery is like making it through the qualifying rounds of the World Cup. That is an achievement but not the ultimate goal. The real tournament is just beginning and the prize is a strong, sustained and balanced expansion.” Yes the the Governor is laying out his team formation for the tournament ahead . “A flat back four with growth, inflation, unemployment and borrowing all heading in the right direction. Two strikers up front, household spending, with support to come from business investment. Some confusion in mid field from the housing market but no mention of exports and rebalancing. So expect the odd own goal from the trade performance, errant on the wing, as we move into the final stages of the competition. The Governor, for now, is not “taking away the punchbowl as the match gets going”. Far from it, you may continue to consume alcohol on the terraces, well into the final stages. Base rates are not expected to rise anytime soon. Q2 next year still the best bet. The final whistle will not be blown for some time yet.” So what happened to sterling this week? The pound closed broadly unchanged against the dollar at $1.683 from $1.685 and up against the Euro at 1.227 (1.224). The dollar closed at 1.370 from 1.375 against the euro and at 101.54 (101.18) against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed up at $109.91 from $108.16. The average price in May last year was $102.3. Markets, the Dow closed down at 16,447 from 16,544 but the FTSE closed up at 6,855 from 6,821. The markets are set to move, the push before the summer rush. UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.56 (2.68) and US Treasury yields closed at 2.51 from 2.62. Gold moved up slightly $1,293 from $1,287. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice. GDP Figures Q1 … UK growth in the first quarter of 2014 was an impressive 3.1% year on year with significant growth in construction, manufacturing and the service sector. [According to the preliminary estimate from the Office for National Statistics released this week.] Construction growth increased by 5.1% in the quarter and manufacturing output increased by 3.5%. Service sector output was up by 2.9% with continued strong growth in distribution, hotels, and leisure (4.9%). The business and financial services sector increased by 3.6%. The outturn is more or less in line with our estimates in the Quarterly Economics Outlook released in March. Following the latest data, we have lowered our forecasts for growth in the construction sector for the year as a whole and increased our estimate of growth in manufacturing. The overall GDP position remains unchanged. We still forecast GDP growth of 2.9% in 2014 and 2.8% in 2015. Growth continues into Q2 … The good news continued this week, with the latest Markit/CIPS PMI® survey data on manufacturing and construction. In April the UK manufacturing sector maintained a robust start to the year. At 57.3, the seasonally adjusted index rose to a five-month high and registered one of the best readings over the past three years. Construction output continued to increase in April, albeit at the slowest pace for six months. The index recording of 60.2 is down from the peaks at the turn of the year but still ahead of the long run average of 54.3. Residential construction was the best performing area of activity. The rate of expansion in April remained one of the fastest seen over the past ten years … just as well! House Prices - increase into double figures … House prices increased by over 10% according to the latest figures from Nationwide. Robert Gardner, Nationwide's Chief Economist said: “After several months of moderation, the pace of house price growth picked up in April. Annual house price growth reached double digits for the first time in four years, with the price of a typical home 10.9% higher than April 2013. Still much to be done in construction however, “The upturn in construction of new homes continues to lag far behind the upturn in demand, with the number of new homes being built in England still around 40% below pre crisis levels.” Sir Jon Cunliffe, Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, expressed some concerns about the housing market in a speech in London this week. “The question for the Financial Policy Committee, is whether the sustained momentum in the housing market will lead to unsustainable growth in household indebtedness, undermining the resilience of the financial system. The growing momentum in the housing market is now the brightest light on the dashboard of warning lights.” You have been warned! Growth in the USA ... In the USA, growth in the first quarter was up by 2.3% year on year (0.1% quarter on quarter). The relatively disappointing number was attributed to a severe winter and much bad, wet weather. The Federal reserve derived some consolation from the strength of the jobs numbers released this week. In April, the number of non farm payroll jobs increased by almost 290,000, the unemployment rate fell to 6.3% and revisions to the employment numbers over the past three months confirmed the strength of the US recovery. Jobs growth over the last three months has averaged almost 240,000. With evidence of a strong performance in employment and household spending, the Federal reserve announced a further reduction in tapering with a reduction in asset purchases to $45 billion per month. Tapering is on track to completion by the September / October this year. Interest rate rises will then ensue possibly within six months. With inflation below target, wages rising by just 1.9% and almost 10 million Americans unemployed, the FOMC will be in no rush to act. So what happened to sterling this week? The pound closed up against the dollar at $1.687 from $1.681 and up against the Euro slightly at 1.217 (1.215). The dollar closed at 1.387 from 1.382 against the euro and at 102.23 (102.15) against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed at $108.50 from $109.54. The average price in May last year was $102.3. Markets, the Dow closed up at 16,542 from 16,370 and the FTSE also closed up at 6,821 from 6,685. The markets are making the move, the push before the rush, may see the FTSE hit 7000 before the summer sell off! UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.72 (2.66) and US Treasury yields closed at 2.72 from 2.67. Gold moved down $1,296 from $1,301. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice. Next week the ONS will release the first estimate of GDP for Q1 2014. Expectations are for growth in the UK to be between 3% and 3.3% for the first three months of the year. The UK will be the fastest growing country in the developed world. A soggy start to the year may have damaged hopes in Washington to a claim on the title. Our own forecasts, realised last month, are at the bottom end of the range at just 3%. The Chancellor is creating a great platform in the run up to the election. Growth up, inflation down, employment up, borrowing down. Just the trade figures will continue to disappoint. The Osborne model for “austerity in recovery” may provide the textbook examples for the revisionist theory in the years to come. Four out of five rabbits ain’t so bad! The good news continued this week … Car Manufacturing According to the SMMT, car manufacturing picked up the pace in March as home and export markets improved significantly. UK car production rose 12% in the month to 142,158 units, bringing year to date growth to 2.9%. Good news for the UK’s volume manufacturers as European demand for cars strengthens. Not so good for the balance of payments. The growth in output will do little to offset the strength in domestic sales. New car registrations increased by 14% in the first three months of the year. Government Borrowing Better news on borrowing. Public sector borrowing totalled £107.7bn in the financial year. The out turn is £7.5bn lower than the £115.1bn borrowed in the prior year. Receipts were up by 4% with expenditure increasing by just 1%. The trend is heading in the right direction. The OBR expect borrowing to fall to £95 billion over the next twelve months and £75 billion in the following year. At the end of March 2014, public sector debt excluding temporary effects of financial interventions was £1,268.7 billion, equivalent to 75.8% of gross domestic product. Net debt has doubled since the end of the 2008/9 financial year. Retail Sales Even better news. Retail sales in March increased by 4.2% in volume and by 3.9% in value terms. Average prices of goods sold in March 2014 showed deflation of 0.5%. Fuel once again provided the greatest contribution to the fall in prices. The figures are consistent with the latest CPI data. But as we warned last week, oil prices Brent Crude Basis are now tracking ahead of last years levels for April and May. The deflationary shock may well be over. Domestic earnings are rising and world commodity prices are turning as the world and European recovery particularly, gathers momentum. Online sales were strong once again. The amount spent online increased by 7.1% in March 2014 compared with March last year. On line sales now account for almost 11% of total sales with a marked growth in food sales on line, increasing by almost 14%. Corporate Strategy Series Watch out for our Amazon case study coming soon. Over the Easter holidays, we released the second in our international corporate strategy series. The LEGO case study, follows on from the Apple Case Study originally developed for the Business School in Manchester. The third in the trilogy, Amazon will be released next month. Amazon is a great case study in how to grow (or how not to grow) an online business. Amazon with losses in 2000 of $1.4 billion on sales of $2.8 billion is probably the greatest example yet of a turnaround from burn rate to earn rate. How long can the Amazon model continue to grow? Is there much point in delivering salads in Seattle as part of the Amazon Fresh programme? Watch out for news of the release date.] So what happened to sterling this week? The pound closed up against the dollar at $1.681 from $1.679 and unchanged at 1.215 against the Euro. The dollar closed at 1.382 from 1.382 against the euro and at 102.15 (102.42) against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed at $109.54 from $109.76. The average price in April last year was $101.2. Markets, the Dow closed down slightly at 16,370 from 16,408 and the FTSE also closed up at 6,685 from 6,625. The markets will have to rally soon, if we are to sell in May and go away! UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.66 (2.70) and US Treasury yields closed at 2.67 from 2.72. Gold moved up to $1,301 from $1,293. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice. Janet Yellen was speaking at the Economic Club of New York this week. Three big questions continue to dominate policy formulation at the Federal Reserve. Unemployment, inflation and factors which may push the recovery off track. Actually, that’s more than three but … According to the Fed forecasts, US unemployment is set to fall to around 5.5% by the end of 2016 and inflation will hover just below 2%. “The economy would be approaching maximum employment and price stability for the first time in nearly a decade”. That's NICE! And what of interest rates? “Economic conditions, may for some time warrant keeping short term interest rates below levels the Committee views as likely to prove normal in the longer run”. The markets reacted well. The Dow moved up and the dollar moved down. Sterling moved to $1.679. In March, the Fed chair had given a clear indication that rates would start to rise in the first quarter of 2015. Less than a month later, there was no such clarity. Rates will be on hold until the recovery is well established. As long as it takes. Unemployment rate, the measure of momentum that really matters, to the doves at the Fed. Exogenous Shocks Nowhere in the speech did the “Capsid Bug” feature. According to a report in The Times today, black pod disease and capsid bug infestations are ravaging cocoa crops in West Africa. This shock to supply plus the surging demand from Chinese Chocaholics is causing a cocoa pop. Cocoa beans have jumped in price from $2,680 per tonne in January to over $3,000 per tonne in March. There could be a 115,000 tonne shortfall in supply this year. By next Easter, we may well be eating smaller eggs which cost much more. So much for the threat of world deflation! Does this matter? Well yes. The collapse of the Peruvian anchovy crop in 1972/3 was claimed by many to herald the onset of the hyper inflationary episode of the seventies. OK, the Russian grain famine, the onset of OPEC and the quadrupling of oil prices assisted considerably. But the message is, exogenous shocks from commodity prices can have a greater impact on domestic inflation. Much greater than the Phillips curve paradigm, much beloved by the FOMC, provides. This is clearly demonstrated in the UK economics data released this week. Inflation is falling, employment is rising. World prices mitigated by the appreciation of Sterling are marking the price changes. UK Inflation Inflation CPI basis slowed to 1.6% in March from 1.7% in the prior month. Goods inflation fell to 1.0% and service sector inflation fell to 2.3% (2.4%). Oil related transport costs were dominant in the slow down. Manufacturing output prices increased by just 0.5% as input costs actually fell by 6.5%. The fall in crude oil prices, imported metals, parts and equipment largely explained the fall. Sterling appreciation assisted the process. Sterling averaged $1.66 in March this year compared to $1.51 last year. A 10% appreciation assisting the “deflationary process” significantly. [Oil prices Brent crude basis averaged $108 approximately in both months]. So what of employment? Unemployment figures - Jobcentres will be closing by the end of 2016 Unemployment fell to 6.9% in the three months to February to a level of 2.24 million. This is below the level originally outlined in the Bank of England Forward Guidance in August last year. 7.0% the level at which the Bank would begin to consider an increase in base rates. The claimant count fell by 30,000 to a level of 1.142 million. Over the last three months, the count has fallen by 100,000 and almost 400,000 over the last twelve months. If current rates persist, the labour market will fall to pre recession levels towards the end of the year. By the end of 2016, No one will be left on the list. So this is what they mean by full employment! Jobcentres will have to close! The implications for earnings are evident. Already in February, whole economy earnings increased by 1.9% and wages in manufacturing and construction increased by 3%. We expect a significant acceleration in earnings throughout the year as the labour market tightens considerably. As for base rates, Yellen is signalling the US rates will be kept on hold well into 2015. The Bank of England may well have no such luxury. The MPC will be reluctant to raise rates ahead of the Fed. If this were to happen, despite the inherent structural weakness on trade and the current account, sterling will continue to rise significantly. $1.73 the next target? So what happened to sterling this week? The pound closed at $1.679 from $1.673 and at 1.215 from 1.204 against the Euro. The dollar closed at 1.382 from 1.3389 against the euro and at 102.42 against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed at $109.76 from $107.70. The average price in April last year was $101.2. The energy kicker to falling prices may well be over. Markets, the Dow closed up at 16,408 from 16,086and the FTSE also closed up at 6,625 from 6,561. UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.70 (2.60) and US Treasury yields closed at 2.72 from 2.62. Gold moved lower to $1,293 from $1,318. The pattern is bullish for equities.. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice. Car sales soar but so will the trade deficit … Good news of the recovery. Car registrations rose to 465,000 in March, an increase of 18% on last year. The new 2014 plates have been great for the car market. More new cars were registered last month, than at any time in the last ten years according to the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders. As Mike Hawes, SMMT Chief Executive explains. “Given the past six years of subdued economic performance across the UK, there is still a substantial margin of pent-up demand, contributing to a strong new and used car market.” Easy finance deals and advanced technologies make new cars cheaper to buy and to run. There has never been a better time to buy a new car. The pent up demand is to be unleashed. Bear in mind, we have over 31 million cars on the road in the UK, of which over one third are over nine years old. Let’s hope the owners don’t all appear in the showroom at once.That would create a traffic jam at the docks. The car market demonstrates clearly the problems with the march of the makers, the rebalancing agenda and the inability of sterling depreciation to remedy the trade balance. We expect car sales to increase to around 2.5 million units in 2014 returning to levels last seen in 2004 and 2005. Production is forecast to increase to 1.6 million units following the increase to 1.5 million last year. A further increase to 1.7 million units, then 1.8 million units is expected by 2016. Good news for manufacturing? Of course. But the majority of production is exported. Export sales may hit 1.3 million units in 2014, rising to 1.5 million by 2016. As a result, imports will have to increase to 2.2 million units in 2014, rising to 2.4 million units by 2016 to satisfy domestic demand. The trade deficit (unit sales) will increase to 0.8 or 0.9 million units. An increase to levels least seen pre recession. The recovery in the UK economy will exacerbate the trade deficit in cars just as it will in many other commodities. Relative rates of economic growth here and particularly in Europe primarily determine the demand for imports and exports. Demand is relatively inelastic with regard to price, particularly with exports. Manufacturers price to market or products form part of international syndication. Sterling has a minor role to play in determining the direction of trade in the international car market. Supply, is output constrained and cannot respond to domestic market growth. In fact 80% of car production is exported and 90% of domestic demand is satisfied by imports. We have warned previously, the UK cannot grow faster than trade partners in Europe or North America without a deterioration in the trade account. The car market is a simple arithmetic of the dilemma. Download the short report Car Market - Driving recovery or driving the deficit to access the underlying data. PMI Markit Surveys This is the week of the PMI Markit survey data with information on the March updates. The recovery continues in services, construction and manufacturing. The manufacturing upturn remains solid, service sector activity remains strong and construction firms report brightest outlook for business activity since January 2007. We have upgraded our forecast for UK growth this year to 2.9% based on the strength of the Manchester Index® and latest GM Chamber of Commerce QES survey data. House Prices, Nationwide reports house prices increasing by 9.5% across the UK, increasing by 18% in London. Prices remain slightly below the peak levels of 2007 except in the capital, were levels are now some 20% above peak. Should we worry about the boom in prices? Perhaps but not just yet. Activity levels are still subdued relative to the pre recession peaks but the recovery in prices will be of concern to policy makers as will the developing trade deficit. In our economics presentations we begin to touch on concerns about the recovery. Deflation is not one of them, house prices may be. The current account deficit certainly is. Especially if the trends in investment income from overseas are maintained. Then we shall see just what will happen to sterling. So what happened to sterling this week? The pound closed at $1.659 from $1.664 and at 1.21 unchanged against the Euro. The dollar closed at 1.370 from 1.375 against the euro and at 103.26 from 102.82against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed at $106.72 from $108.01. The average price in March last year was $108. Markets, the Dow closed up at 16,526 from 16,323 and the FTSE closed at 6,6956 from 6,615. UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.72 (2.72) and US Treasury yields closed at 2.76 from 2.72. Gold moved higher to $1,304 from $1,293. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice. Good news in the car market but the higher level of sales will drive the trade deficit higher - no rebalancing on the road ahead. Download the file here. The new 14 plates have been great for the car market. Registrations in March were 465,000, up by 18% on March last year. UK car registration increased by 15% in the first three months of 2014. We forecast total sales of almost 2.5 million this year, returning to levels of sales, last seen in 2004 and 2005. Production is forecast to increase to 1.6 million units following the increase to 1.5 million last year. A further increase to 1.7 million units, then 1.8 million units is expected by 2016. Good news? Of course. But the majority of production is exported. Export sales may hit 1.3 million units in 2014, rising to 1.5 million by 2016. As a result, imports will have to increase to 2.2 million units in 2014, rising to 2.4 million units by 2016. The trade deficit (unit sales) will increase to 0.8 million units, to the levels least seen pre recession. The surge in car sales is a welcome demonstration of UK demand. As Mike Hawes, SMMT Chief Executive explains. “Given the past six years of subdued economic performance across the UK, there is still a substantial margin of pent-up demand that is contributing to a strong new and used car market.” The pent up demand is to be unleashed. Remember we have over 31 million cars on the road in the UK of which over one third are over nine years old. Easy finance deals and advanced technologies make new cars cheaper to buy and to run. There has never been a better time to buy a new car. Let’s hope they don’t all rush at once. That would create a traffic jam at the docks. That’s another reason why we say the trade figures will continue to disappoint, and threaten the recovery, especially if the collapse in investment income continues. Download the short report here. Inflation, deflation and retail sales … Inflation CPI basis fell to 1.7% in February from 1.9% at the start of the year. Good news for households as net earnings improve. Good news for the Bank of England as inflation hits the lowest level for almost five years. Interest rates are more likely to stay on hold into 2015. We never thought otherwise. Should we be worried about deflation? Not really. The fall was marked by a reduction in goods inflation. Service sector inflation, accounting for half the index, was unchanged at 2.4%. The other half, “goods stuff” slowed to 1.2% from 1.4%. Despite higher growth, lower unemployment and expansive monetary policy, inflation is drifting lower but it isn’t all one way. Fish and sewage prices increased by 6%, tobacco prices by 7%, utilities, gas and electricity up by over 6% and insurance costs up by 5%. If you plan to send a post card from your hospital bed to the kids in private school about a book you have just read. Don’t do it! Hospital services, postal services and book costs were up 6%. Education costs increased by over 10%. Stay healthy, watch TV and Skype the better solution. Strong growth in the UK suggests prices should be rising. So why the drop? The fall in inflation, particularly goods inflation is assisted by trends in world trade and prices, assisted by the appreciation of sterling. Manufacturing Prices … Sterling has appreciated by 10% over the year. World prices, oil and basic materials are relatively flat. In February, manufacturing input costs fell by 5.7% overall. Crude oil prices fell by 11% and imported metals and materials fell by 15% and 5% respectively. Imports of parts and equipment assisted the fall, down by 7%. Manufacturing output prices slowed to 0.5% from 0.9%. This will improve the retail inflation outlook over the short term. We haven't seen input costs fall like this since September 2009 as the UK and the world grappled with recession. So can it really last? World growth is increasing, world trade is growing, we still await the full recovery in Europe but it will come. Oil prices are becalmed, as the market tries to understand the implications of fracking in the USA. Commodity prices, particularly metals, copper, lead, zinc and iron ore are experiencing a market work out which reflects stock adjustment rather than supply and demand derterminants.. Sooner or later, commodity prices will turn, perhaps in the second half of the year. Fears of deflation are over played, as are the suggestions the inflation genie is back in the bottle in the UK. Retail Sales … UK domestic demand conditions are improving demonstrated by the strength of retail sales in the UK. Retail sales in February increased by 3.7%. Sales growth over the last three months has averaged 4.3%. Values in February increased by just 3.8%. On line sales increased by 12% in value accounting for almost 11% of all retail sales. Food sales increased by 14% with a 4% penetration. Clothing and footwear sales were up by 15% with an 11% share. National Accounts Data The latest revisions to UK gross domestic product (GDP) were released on Friday. GDP is estimated to have increased by 1.7% in 2013 revised down 0.1percentage points from the previously estimated 1.8% increase. Does this affect out outlook for the year? Not really. We have just released the GM Chamber of Commerce Quarterly Economic Outlook, in which we think growth will be around 2.9% this year. The forecast upgrade is as a result of the latest survey data and the strength of the Manchester Index®, a powerful indicator of trends in the UK economy. The late revisions will lower or forecasts for construction a little. Check out the full forecast on the GM Chamber Economics Web site. Manchester News Good news for Lynder Myers with a restructuring effected by Jepson Holt, Assure Law, EY and Duff & Phelps. Paul Smith from Duff & Phelps summed it up “the primary objective to find a solvent and consensual solution to a complex problem”. Excellent. So what happened to sterling? The pound closed at $1.664 from $1.649 and at 1.21 from 1.1956 against the Euro. The dollar closed at 1.375 from 1.3790 against the euro and 102.82 from 102.27 against the Yen. Oil Price Brent Crude closed at $108.01 from $107.37. The average price in March last year was $108. Markets, the Dow closed down at 16,323 from 16,410 and the FTSE closed at 6,615 from 6,557. UK Ten year gilt yields closed at 2.72 from 2.76 and US Treasury yields closed at 2.72 from 2.77. Gold loves a crisis, the crisis is over as the metal moved lower to $1,293 from $1,358. That’s all for this week. Join the mailing list for The Saturday Economist or forward to a friend. John © 2014 The Saturday Economist by John Ashcroft and Company. Experience worth sharing. The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The receipt of this email should not be construed as the giving of investment advice. |
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The material is based upon information which we consider to be reliable but we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. We accept no liability for errors, or omissions of opinion or fact. In particular, no reliance should be placed on the comments on trends in financial markets. The presentation should not be construed as the giving of investment advice.
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